MESOPOTAMIA

The birthplace of civilisation: Mesopotamia

Two rivers–the Tigris and the Euphrates–defined Mesopotamia, a region now in present-day Iraq. Sometimes considered the birthplace of civilisation, some of the earliest cities and complex societies emerged here.

From Cities and Writing

The land between the rivers was the ground of agricultural growth and the Era of agrarian surplus. Such surplus enabled the specialisation of jobs and the establishment of cities, with focal points in trading, worshipping, and administrating cities such as Ur, Uruk, or Babylon.

In world history up to October 2023, the history of writing is one of the most important advances in Mesopotamia. The Sumerians created a type of wedge writing known as cuneiform. It allowed them to inscribe laws, texts, and history onto clay.

Law and Literature: A Legacy

For example, the Mesopotamians developed some of the earliest laws and forms of literature. The Babylonian king Hammurabi prepared the Code of Hammurabi which basis on "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" a style of justice. Mesopotamian literature, including epic poems, myths, and hymns like the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the oldest works in world literature

Mesopotamia: The Last Legacy

Even when Mesopotamian civilizations slowly disappeared, the influence still lives in the modern world. From agricultural to irrigation, law-magnetic writing. Mesopotamian Religion a belief in the number of gods and goddesses had a great impact on later religions such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Civilizations of Mesopotamia built great cities, developed complex writing systems, and established detailed legal codes that have forever stamped the planet. How their breakthroughs in agriculture, security and design have even helped to propel history forward.

While their empires eventually collapsed and fell, what they created continues to inspire and inform us today. Displaying the might of the human mind and the eternal nature of civilization — from the Epic of Gilgamesh to the Code of Hammurabi based on which later civilizations were built.